LibfreOffice Calc

Getting started with LibreOffice Calc

What is LibreOffice Calc?  Calc is the spreadsheet component of LibreOffice, generally we use data which is entered in a spreadsheet and then it can be manipulated, to produce required results.  In LibreOffice Calc, one can use different Functions to perform mathematical based calculations, the main advantage of it is, we can convert calc file into different types of files like HTML, pdf, etc.

introduction:

Calc consists of spreadsheets, each spreadsheet is divided into various individual sheets, each sheet consists of cells.  To identify a cell, we should take its row number and column letter.  Each sheet consists of rows and columns.

parts of the Calc:

1) title bar:  The name of the current spreadsheet.  If it is a new spreadsheet, the name would be untitled X. 

2) Menu bar:  It is after the title bar, sub menus will appear in a menu, when we click on it.  The menu bar menus are...File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools, Data, Window, Help, ..

3) tool bar:

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PROTEIN FOR EVERYONE

IMPORTANCE OF PROTEIN:

Copy code snippet Throughout every stage in life, our body needs a healthy balance of protein.  Children needs protein for growth and development, adults use protein to build new tissues and to decrease the effects of stress.  Elderly require protein for muscle tone and to have good health.  Protein is the basic building block for muscles and every body components.  Protein provides energy.

Which is the best protein source?

- A high quality protein source is soy protein isolate.  Our body does not prepare all amino acids, we have to consume 9 essential acids from food only.  A protein in food, should provide all 9 essential amino acids.

- protein rich foods should have low fat.

- any product of protein source should have a PDCAAS score of 1

Who needs protein?

- to get all 9 essential amino acids

- who does not drink adequate amounts of milk, and other low fat protein sources etc.

- pregnant and lactating women should consume more protein.

 subject on amino acids

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.  Proteins are the long chains of amino acids. Proteins are necessary for staying healthy and alive.  Our human body has thousands of different proteins.  Each amino acid consists, a central carbon atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and an R group.  Each amino acid is unique depends on R group. Amino acids are alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cystein, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan,  tyrosine, valine.  There are two types of amino acids, they are essential and non-essential amino acids.  One should get essential amino acids from food only our body cannot synthesize these. 

uses of protein  

Protein is a macronutrient, which tells us that our needs relatively large amounts of protein.  Vitamins and minerals are micro nutrients which are needed in small quantities they are called micro nutrients.  Our body does not store protein.  Hair and nails are mostly made of protein.  Our body uses the proteins to repair and build tissues.  Proteins helps in making enzymes, hormones, and other body chemicals.  Protein is an important building block of skin, blood, cartilage and bones and muscles. Protein helps in maintaining weight.   Protein is called building block of the body.  Protein helps for the maintenance of the body tissue.  Protein helps in creating harmones.  A small protein, insulin, that regulates the blood sugar.  Proteins also helps in digestion. Secretin a protein harmone helps in digestion.

Enzymes:  Without enzymes most of the chemical reactions efficiently proceed in the body.  Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions.  

Haemoglobin is a protein that transports oxygen throughout the body.Protein also acts as antibody.  Which prevents infection, illness.  It destroys bacteria and viruses.  

protein deficiency:

Protein rich foods should be consumed adequately since our body does not store protein.  General symptoms are fluid retention, anemia, shrinkage of muscular tisses, increase blood pressure, slow to heal, menstrual cycle is irregular, poor concentration, poor sleep, high cholesterol, hair breakage and hair loss, etc. 

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JOB ORIENTED COURSES

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COURSES AFTER 12TH STANDARD

What are the eduacational opportunities after completion of 12th standard?

In India, we have good educational system, that is 10+2+3 or 10+2+4 system, 10th standard in various states is called as Secondary School Certificate, it is administered by different Boards, after completion of SSC, or 10th standard, a student has the opportunity to select different branches such as MPC, BiPC, MEC, CEC, HEC, Groups.  There are plenty of opportunities after completing these courses.  We have various branches for Mathematics group students and Biology group students, and there is a large opportunity for Commerce and Arts group students also.

COURSES FOR Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry students........

1.TECHNICAL COURSES:

 - ENGINEERING COURSES.....

There are various branches in Engineering.  To get admission in this engineering B.Tech, or B.E., course, one has appear for common entrance test conducted by state and central governments.  For state board, there is affiliation given by different universities.  The entrance conducted national level is JEE Mains and advanced.  When a student gets qualified in this entrance test , student is eligible for getting seat in prestigious colleges such as Indian Institute of Technology and other leading colleges.  There are secondary grade colleges also.  The student gets admission if he gets less marks.

1. Computer science and Engineering:

All over the world, each and every where computer is being used.  There is a lot of demand for computer science engineering graduates.  There are different types of sectors where an IT graduate can be placed.  The sectors include, handling projects of various companies, banking works, networking, developing website, and writing codes for a website.  Computer engineers also have the opportunity to work in government sectors such as banks, administration departments, implementing government schemes.  Developing various departments' websites, and so on.  Any fresh IT Graduate can have the chance to get amount of Rs.30,000/- a month.  An average pay scale range between 2 lakh to 3 lakh per annum for a fresh IT Graduate.

2. Mechanical Engineering:

We can say that one of the oldest engineering disciplines is a Mechanical Engineering.  Mechanical engineer has a lot of scope to work in various sectors such as automobiles, aeronautical, rocket launching stations.  A mechanical engineer can design a new vehicle.  The subject is full of designing an equipment for different machines.

3. Electrical engineering:

Electrical engineers have plenty of opportunity to work in both government and private sectors.  An electrical engineer work with different circuits, power transmission, power production.  There are different power plants, they produce power with coal, water, wind, etc.  Each and every where electrical engineer is needed. After 12th, one has the chance to enter the engineering course and also complete by selecting diploma courses.

4. Civil engineering:

Now a days, civil engineers have very demand due to increase of construction field.  There are different sectors to work these civil engineers.  These people mainly focus on planning and implementing.  Civil engineers have the opportunity to act as builder.  Who can give plan and work for constructing a house. After completing engineering course, one has the chance to complete M.Tech, there are various specialisations to become master in that subject, they are construction engineering, coastal engineering, forensic engineering, structural engineering, etc.

5. Electronics and communication engineering:

ECE people, has good opportunity to work in their electronics sector and software sector.  These engineers have the demand to work as chip designers.  Computer has various parts such as ICs, micro processors, hardware parts, the computer maintenance is done by ECE engineers.  They can write programs in machine level language and converts into high level language.

6. Electrical and electronics engineering:

These students will acquire knowledge on both electrical and electronics. They have the opportunity to work in both electrical and electronics sectors.  Power stations are inviting applications for the EEE students.

7. Aeronautical engineering:

After completing the course one can get knowledge on airplanes, and how they work, and maintenance of the airplanes.  These people can work in aviation manufacturing, etc.

8. Agricultural Engineering:

It is the latest engineering branch, these get the placement at various agricultural labs, botonical research labs. These people get the knowledge on the technology of agricultural development.

9.Petroleum Engineering:

These people gets high remuneration, since they deal with petroleum exploration, production.  These engineers work with drilling plant, petroleum industries.

10. Textile Engineering:

It is huge demand subject, since textile involves design of fiber and production of cloth.  This engineering sector is huge potential subject.

11. Food technology engineering:

These engineers look after preparation and preservation of food and they work as food inspectors, they also can work in packaging industry.

12. Chemical Engineering:

As the name suggests, it is a combination of chemistry and engineering.  These people work in industries, they work on result, process of a particular topic. These engineers have huge demand in medical field, where new drugs are manufactured.

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Atal Pension Yojana - Government scheme

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WORLD STUDENTS' DAY - Dr. APJ Abdul kalam birth anniversary

UN Declares APJ Abdul Kalam's Birthday as WORLD STUDENTS' DAY

INTRODUCTION:

      Let us recollect the inspirational sayings :

"YOU HAVE TO DREAM BEFORE YOUR DREAMS COME TRUE."

"WITHOUT YOUR INVOLVEMENT YOU CAN'T SUCCEED, WITH OUR INVOLVEMENT YOU CAN'T FAIL."

"IF A COUNTRY IS TO BE CORRUPTION FREE AND BECOME A NATION OF BEAUTIFUL MINDS, I STRONGLY FEEL THERE ARE THREE KEY SOCIETAL MEMBERS WHO CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE.  THEY ARE THE FATHER, MOTHER, AND THE TEACHER."

Let us read the poem written by Dr.APJ Abdul kalam,

I am a well in this great land
Look at its millions of boys and girls
To draw from me
The inexhaustible divinity
And spread his grace everywhere
As does the water drawn from a well


CHILDHOOD LIFE :

Kalam was born on 15th october, 1931, in Rameshwaram, the state of Tamilnadu.  His full name is Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam.  Kalam sold newspapers in his childhood to support his family since his ancestors were very rich, but due to the failures in business, they became poor.  Even they have no house.  Kalam's mother go hungry by feeding lovingly to her children.  Kalam's best friend in his childhood was Jallaluddin, who was 15 years older than Kalam.

Kalam was very curious to learn new things, when his teacher Sri Siva Subramania Iyer, took all the students to sea shore and asked them to think how the birds fly in the air? This made Kalam to think and think and decided to do something in his life. Kalam's high school education completed in Schwartz high school, and finished his college education in St. Joseph's college, Tiruchchirappalli, at the age of 19.  He completed his aeronautical engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology (MIT), the reason behind his successful completion of engineering is his sister Zohra.  In the third year of engineering, the team with Kalam was assigned a project to design a low-level attack aircraft.  They finished in given stipulated time.

AS A SCIENTIST: & PRESIDENT OF INDIA

He joined the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) as a scientist in 1958. When he was working at TIFR, he was sent to NASA work center to receive training on Sounding rocket launching techniques.  Kalam named as "Missile Man" due to his achievements as the director of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme.  Kalam was appointed as the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India in 1992.  His successful efforts took place in conducting the Pokhran-II, five nuclear bomb test explosions.


Abdul Kalam was a great visionary, his target was to call the nation as developed nation by 2020,  this plan called "Technology Vision 2020". Klam became the 11th President of India on 25th July 2002, the speciality of the man is a Scientist President.  Kalam became the people's president of India.  Kalam  always used to tell that do differently, innovatively such that your mark should be there.  One should always remember his sayings:  Aiming small is a crime.One should overcome the difficulties by intellect and hard work.  Kalam is the role model to world wide youth, and each and every person the earth loves Kalam.


Kalam not only a great scientist, but also an Inspiring Author : great inspiring books are India 2020, Wings of Life, Ignited Minds, Inspiring Thoughts, Mission India.

Each and every person of India needs his blessings.

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Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana

SUKANYA SAMRIDDHI YOJANA (a small saving scheme)

Prime Minister of India, Sri Narendra Modi, launched a attractive and very prosperity scheme for girl child education and to avoid burden to parents at the time of marriage, under the concept of Beti Bachao Beti Padhao program.  He wanted to provide bright future for girl child by giving good amount at the time after their teen age.  This gives each and every child of India, a financial security and to stand independently on their feet, .The interest rate under this scheme is highest among other schemes, the amount deposited is compounded annually.  In the year 2017-18, for the first quarter the interest rate is 8.4%, 2017-18, Q2 is 8.3%.  Whereas, in the financial year 2014-'15 the interest rate is 9.1%.  This unveils that the interest is not constant, it changes year by year.

How much amount needed to start the scheme Account?  It is very low, that is Rs.1000/- per a financial year.  The amount is very easy to bare by the parents.  It is very affordable amount. 

When to start?  The girl child should be below 10 years of age.  The key advantage of the scheme is for employees to utilise the amount under section 80 C of Income tax act. 

Characteristics of SSY:

The account can be opened at any post office, or in any bank, the account can be transferred from post office to post office without any cost.  If any body interested to transfer from post office to bank, need to pay a minimum amount.  The amount can be paid by girl itself or it can be paid online also.  Interest is calculated on 10th day of every month.  Partial withdrawn can be made by the child when the child attains age of 18.  On each child, only one account can be opened.  No second account is allowed.  

Requisites to open account:

Aadhar card and birth certificate of girl child is required.  At the time of opening an account initial amount to be paid is Rs.1000/- there after, multiple of Rs.100/- can be deposited.  The condition is one account should be seen such that Rs.1000/- should be deposited.  The maximum amount to be deposited is Rs.1,50,000/-.  The amount can be increased or decreased, but Rs.1000/- should be in every year. 

Key benefits of the SSY Scheme:

- lock in period

- girl child has to operate the account and with drawl by the child only

- the deposited amount come under income tax savings section 80 C

- highest rate of interest in the market.

- in a year, amount can be deposited in multiples of Rs.100/-

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latest technology

know technology on mobiles, laptops, applications

In this modern era, each everyone must be aware of different technologies.  Each and every day, one must be updated with technological advancements.  Here, we are providing you very good valuable essays on mobile phones, laptops, different apps, etc.



1. AUGMENTED REALITY - how it works?

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AUGMENTED REALITY IN MOBILE PHONE...

What is an augmented reality software in mobile phones?

AR Core technology can do several things, for example it can track location of a phone and the direction in which it is facing, it can be achieved by using the camera and sensors.  Generally, we use to call the same app as AR Core in Android phones and AR Kit is used for iOS.  Generally, AR Core is a developer tool, which helps completely reality experience.

AR Core primarily concentrates main importantly on three areas: 1) motion tracking 2) understanding the environment 3) estimating the light.

For example, when we are playing games, real world pictures can't be inserted and merged with virtual pictures.  Virtual objects are directly linked with real world objects and one can feel that the virtual objects are really present there, Suppse, if we have a table, we take a photograph of it, and all the virtual objects can be supposed to be placed on it, when we observe these combinations, we feel that the table consists of all the things,

The environmental understanding feature enables that there is a physical connection between virtual objects and real world.  The motion tracking feature makes to interact with virtual things. The estimating light feature allows to feel a realistic looking objects, there is an adjustment between the real world environment lighting and virtual things.

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USEFUL ESSAYS ON DIFFERENT TOPICS

Select your required topic

1. teacher's day
2. children's day
3. world students' day-
    Dr.Abdul Kalam's birth anniversary
4. National Science Day

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CHILDREN'S DAY - speech / childrens day speech

CHILDREN'S DAY SPEECH

It is very happy to present children's day speech, here you are going to get different types of children's day speeches for easy understanding and can reproduce easily.  Children are the building blocks of the nation.  Every child is a valuable person.


children's day speech for juniors and high school students

       Good morning one and all, I am in class 4, all you know that this day is our children's day.  On this day, each of us celebrate the birth anniversary of Sri Jawaharlal Nehru, who is the first prime minister of Independent India, that is 14th November.   Let me present about the importance of children, whenever we see a small child, we feel happy because of innocence of the child.  When we are in childhood, we don't know the anything other than the love of the parents.  Childhood is a life of enjoyment and happiness.  Children can concentrate easily on studies and can set a bigger goal,  as children growing, he/she is influenced by the society, society is a group of people, who can disturb the child life.  But, the teachers and parents should look at the behavior of children and make children a better citizen.

      The reason for celebrating the birth anniversary of Sri Nehru as children's day is because of Nehru's huge affection, love towards the children.  Nehru is also named Chacha Nehru.  On this day, each and every place filled with joy, fun and frolic activities.  Children play, sing and participate in different competitive activities such as speeches and essay writings on the various stages of Sri Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.  Nehru is also a freedom fighter who fought for Nation along with great people like Gandhi, Tilak, Patel, etc.,   Nehru always think that the nation's development depends on the children's achievements and development.  Nehru also suggests children to take good and healthy food, and wants to see the smiles on the faces of the children.  Children never be abused by any one in the society.  The negative atmosphere make children to develop negative mind.  Negative mind leads to destruction of the society.  Children should be guided by all elders to show a good path. 

    Children's day focusses on the fundamental rights and reminds every one to identify the importance of the children.  I request you all on this day to see that each one of us should get love and affection, should get healthy food, good clothes.  One must pay hearty tribute to Nehru since he never be selfish, nature of positive thinking, and always encouragement to the children.  I remind once again that because of his great love for children he is called as Chacha Nehru.  I request you all the children to promise not to be influenced by drugs, alcohol, violence, etc., and assure you that you would be in good position in your life and make happy your parents and helps in strengthening the nation. 

   I am thankful to you all for giving me this opportunity to deliver a few words on Children's day.  Thanking you one and all.

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speech on teacher's day - Radhakrishnan Birthday / teachers day

TEACHER'S DAY SPEECH FOR ALL BELOVED STUDENTS

In this post, each student can access a variety of speeches on teacher's day.  Especially, the students can understand the following speeches at their own speed and can reproduce easily without elders support.  Every student can show their respects on the teachers using the following speeches.

students speech - teacher's day ...(simple speech)

        It is very auspicious day to deliver a few words on teacher's day.  Respected principal, teachers and my beloved friends, as we all know the reason of gathering, that is today is the birth anniversary of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishanan, who is the first Vice President of Indian Republic.  It is my honor to deliver speech on a great person, first I would like to say thanks to my teachers for giving me this opportunity.  We all celebrate the day every year as Teacher's day.  Each teacher can mould the students to become a good citizen of India.  Parents believe that the character of the students is in the hands of a teacher, that is why the maximum time is spent at the teachers.  One must pay respect to one's teachers. 

    Parents give birth, but the teachers give life to the students.  Each and every teacher think any student as a better citizen of the nation.  The success of the students depend on the teachers.  Since each and every student assume their teachers as their role models.  Our teachers think about students bright future.  One must not ignore any teacher in their life.  Teachers are nothing but good philosophers, motivators, mentors, etc., One can follow their teacher's principles and stood as the best citizen to the Nation.

      A teacher is a center of knowledge resources where students gain knowledge.  There is a great place to teachers after their parents.  A student travel with different teachers in the journey of education.  All the students get inspired by their teachers.  Our elders are in present good position because of their teachers.  I can say T....Technical, E...enthusiastic, A...admire, C...cleverly, H...Hopefully, E....educated, R...reliable....In this way each letter has a power. 

     I am thankful to all of you to express on my teachers.

students speech - teacher's day ...(higher standard speech)

      Respected principal, teachers and my dear friends, I am very hapy to say the reason for gathering on this auspicious day, that is the birth anniversary of our beloved Sri sarvepalli Radhakrishana, who was a great scholar, teacher and the Vice president of Indian Republic.  Let me introduce my self, I am a student of this school studying under the guidance of valuable persons they are none other than our beloved teachers.  Each student gets a perfect shape,  with the vision of their teachers.  Teachers are the visionaries of the nation.  Every teacher feels happy when a student gets good life in the future.  Nothing is given back from the students except the respect.  Nothing is expected by the teachers.  On this day, I want to express my gratitude towards the teachers. 

      In the society, we can observe different people with different professions, but at one time, each of these persons is a student of the teacher.  In this way, we can a teacher can mould any one in a different manner useful to the society.  One must need good education in any field, the good education is produced by a good teacher. 

      Each and every teacher in the class thinks that each of the students should grasp his subject properly and gain knowledge.  He never shows any partiality any of the student.  Teacher's encouragement itself the success of the students. 

     On this day, we pay honor to the teachers since teachers scarify their lives to the society by imparting their knowledge to the society and students. The teacher's day is celebrated all over the world to show the respect to the teachers.  On this day, each and every one express their gratitude towards the teachers and recall the importance of the teachers to the society. 

    The society is peaceful and structured due to the teachers only.  In all our class room teachings, teachers teach not only the subject, but also they teach how to survive in the society and how to tackle any new problem arises to us in the society.  They develop the confidence, develop attitude, and shape us a better citizen of the Nation. 

    I would like to assure you that I would become a good teacher in the future.  Thanking you one and all.

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simple microscope

SIMPLE MICROSCOPE

                   Dissecting microscope is another name for simple microscope.  It is very important laboratory equipment, it is often used in biology experiments.  While we are using simple microscope, one should follow these precautions.

1. When we are taking out the microscope for the experiment from its case, one should use both hands 

2. Proper maintenance should be taken that is this microscope should be kept in case when not in use.

3. There are two mirrors used in it, one is plane mirror and it is used for natural day light and another mirror concave mirror for artificial light.

Different parts of the microscope:

- Basal iron foot

- for holding the eye piece a short limb is used, for focussing an adjustment screw is used

- to keep the slide, there is a glass stage.

- Plano-concave mirror is used for light adjustment.

PROCEDURE TO USE THE MICROSCOPE:


             Main aim of the apparatus is to view the object to be examined, clearly.  Take the object or material to be examined on the glass stage, add a drop of glycerin, cover with a cover slip, adjust the mirror for light and then view the object or material through eye piece. 

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types of eye defects

HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD:

Introduction:


                    Light is the primary source of vision.  When light incidents on any object, it gets reflected into our eye, then the sensation of vision takes place by human brain.  The light rays coming from the object forms image on our retina, it is inverted one.  But, the brain makes us to see erected form.

General questions while observing any object.......


Q1. How do we see an object?

Q2. What is the least distance of distinct vision?

Q3. What is the angle of vision?

Q4. When do we feel the object or the text, is not visible properly?

Q5. How many types of defects are there?

Q6. What is the construction of eye?


Q7. Is there any lens present in our eye?

Q8. Which is supposed as a screen in our eye?

Q9. How the light rays get refracted into our eye?

Q10. Explain clearly the defect arises with our age?



Activity 1: Let us take a textbook, and make the book very close to our eyes, then think whether the text is visible properly or not.   Move the book a little distance and observe the letters in book, then as the distance is increased the visibility is increased.  The minimum distance where we can read the text clearly, is called 'the least distance of distinct vision'.  It is approximately 25cm.  This distance may be less in younger children.

Activity 2: Imagine that an aeroplane is flying in air.  How do we think the size of the aeroplane.  It appears very small, as the distance from us is increased.  The reason is that the angle made with our eye is very small, the angle made by the two rays coming from the aeroplane.  In this way, we can understand that when the angle made with our eye is more than 60 degree, then we can't see an object completely.  When this angle is smaller than 60 degee, then we can see completely.  This angle is called angle of vision.


Activity 3: The people who are unable to see the objects which are very nearer or who can see the distant objects is called the eye defect hypermetropia or hyperopia.  In this case, the rays coming from nearer objects are focussed beyond the retina.  To minimise this defect or eradicate it, we need a biconvex lens.  The lens makes all the rays to concentrate on retina.

Activity 4: The people who are unable to see the objects which are very distant or who can see nearer objects, then the defect is called myopia.  In this case, the rays coming from the distant objects can be focussed before the retina.  To correct it, we must use biconcave lens in our spectacles.  The lens makes to focus on retina.

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MIRRORS and THEIR TYPES

Mirror can reflect the light due to its non transparency property...the surface where light reflects is called reflecting surface.
CLASSIFICATION OF MIRRORS
1. Plane mirrors
2. Spherical mirrors


principles of reflection:
1. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection


2. Incident ray, reflected ray and Normal lie in the same plane. They are coplanar. 

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types of objects and images

NATURE OF OBJECTS AND IMAGES

Ray optics primarily deals with determining the position and nature of the image formed when an object is placed in front of an optical element.

TYPES OF OBJECTS:

An object is a source of light rays that are incident on an optical element.  An object may be a point or an extended object.  Since extended objects can be modeled as a collection of points, we only need to study point objects.

REAL OBJECT:

An object is real if two or more incident rays actually emanate or seen to emanate from a point.  The object is actually present.  Hence it is called a real object.

VIRTUAL OBJECT:

An object is said to be virtual when two incident rays seem to converge to that point.

IMAGE:

An image is the point of convergence or apparent point of divergence of rays after they interact with a given optical element.  An object provides rays that will be incident on an optical element.  The optical element reflects or refracts the incident light rays which then meet at a point to form an image.

REAL IMAGE:

Real images are formed when the reflected or refracted rays actually meet or converge to a point.  A real object can be captured on a screen.

When light rays, after interacting with the optical element, do not meet at a point but appear to emanate from a point, then the virtual images are formed.

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