Build an atom - Interactive simulation

⚛️ Build an Atom – Interactive Virtual Laboratory

Class X Physical Science | Structure of the Atom

🎯 Learning Objectives

  • Understand the structure of an atom.
  • Identify protons, neutrons and electrons.
  • Understand atomic number and mass number.
  • Build atoms by adding subatomic particles.
  • Understand isotopes and ions.
  • Understand electron distribution in shells.

🧪 Choose an Element

🔬 Build Your Atom

🔴 Protons

1

⚪ Neutrons

0

🔵 Electrons

1

⚛️ Your Atom

H
Hydrogen
Neutral Atom
Atomic Number 1
Mass Number 1
Protons 1
Neutrons 0
Electrons 1
Charge 0

🔵 Electron Distribution

Shell Name Maximum Capacity Electrons Present
1 K 2 1
2 L 8 0
3 M 18 0
4 N 32 0

Electron Configuration: 1

📚 Structure of an Atom

An atom consists of a tiny, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons.

The nucleus contains:
🔴 Protons – positively charged
⚪ Neutrons – electrically neutral

🔵 Electrons – negatively charged particles around the nucleus.

🧮 Important Concepts

Concept Formula / Meaning
Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons
Mass Number (A) Protons + Neutrons
Neutrons A − Z
Neutral Atom Number of protons = Number of electrons
Positive Ion More protons than electrons
Negative Ion More electrons than protons

☢️ Explore Isotopes

Isotopes are atoms of the same element having the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

For example, carbon has isotopes:

Carbon-12: 6 protons + 6 neutrons
Carbon-13: 6 protons + 7 neutrons
Carbon-14: 6 protons + 8 neutrons

Try selecting Carbon and changing only the number of neutrons.

⚡ Explore Ions

An atom becomes an ion when it gains or loses electrons.

🔴 If electrons are lost → Positive ion (cation)
🔵 If electrons are gained → Negative ion (anion)

Try adding or removing electrons and observe the charge of your atom.

🧑‍🔬 Student Virtual Activity

  1. Select an element.
  2. Observe the number of protons.
  3. Add neutrons and observe the mass number.
  4. Add or remove electrons.
  5. Observe the charge.
  6. Study the electron distribution.
  7. Create an isotope.
  8. Create a positive or negative ion.

🏆 Atom Building Challenge

Challenge 1: Build an atom with:
6 protons, 6 neutrons and 6 electrons.

Question: Which element have you built?

Challenge 2: Build an atom with:
11 protons, 12 neutrons and 10 electrons.

Question: What element and charge does this atom have?

🧠 Test Your Knowledge

What determines the identity of an element?

🎓 Learning Outcome

After completing this virtual activity, students will be able to identify the three fundamental subatomic particles, calculate atomic number and mass number, understand electron distribution, construct isotopes and ions, and explain the relationship between subatomic particles and the identity of an element.

Interactive Virtual Physical Science Laboratory
Pallerla Surender

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